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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 2:33 am
Time: 2:33 am
Results for disadvantaged neighborhoods
3 results foundAuthor: Mattila, Meri-Tuuli Title: The Boys of Icehearts and the 'Hood: A perspective on the everyday realities of growing up in a disadvantaged neighbourhood in Finland Summary: The Boys of Icehearts and the 'Hood: A perspective on the everyday realities of growing up in a disadvantaged neighborhood in Finland. The premise of this thesis is to present the case of young boys growing up in a relatively disadvantaged neighborhood fairly typical of its kind in contemporary suburban Finland. It aims to give a voice to the everyday realities and lived experience of its target group through ethno-methodological descriptions of young boys growing up in the suburb of Mikkola in northeastern Vantaa in the capital city region, and the exposure method created in the context of diaconal community development work in mainland Europe. Moreover, the Icehearts method is explored in as much depth as is feasible within the scope of a Bachelor's Thesis in Social Services from a University of Applied Science. The key concepts of validation and acceptance, and disadvantaged childhood with its everyday realities are explored from the perspective of the integral theory in social work and critical theory in social science research. The Icehearts method, simultaneously applied in school work, free time activities and hobbies, can act as a mediator bridging communication and cooperation between schools and homes, acting as a local force for change and a channel of communication between a given neighbourhood, the district social services and school boards, municipal government as well as national politics. It is a cross-functional multi-professional approach for bringing together the needs of local children and families, and the objectives of schools as well as national social policies implemented on the municipal level, whose common goal is often underscored by voluminous legislation and massive bureaucracy coupled with the scarcity of available resources. The findings suggest that in countries with a highly developed welfare infrastructure, such as Finland, team sports have consistently been gaining ground as a social work method for children that brings social work to the neighbourhood level, close to the families, schools and communities. Sports can be therapeutic, sports can be used as a tool for democracy, and sports can be, and are used as a method in social work worldwide. Details: Helsinki, Finland: Diaconia University of Applied Sciences, 2014. 65p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed November 8, 2016 at: https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/82368/Thesis.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2014 Country: Finland URL: https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/82368/Thesis.pdf?sequence=1 Shelf Number: 146290 Keywords: At-Risk YouthCrime PreventionDelinquency PreventionDisadvantaged NeighborhoodsNeighborhoods and Crime |
Author: McNeeley, Susan M. Title: Does Neighborhood Context Moderate the Relationship between Criminal Propensity and Recidivism? Summary: This study examines whether the relationship between individual-level risk and recidivism varies according to ecological context, measured at the census tract level. It is hypothesized that high-risk offenders - as measured by MnSTARR 2.0 and LSI-R - will have elevated risk of recidivism when living in disadvantaged neighborhoods, and lower risk of recidivism when living in affluent neighborhoods. These hypotheses are tested with hierarchical logistic models predicting rearrest and revocation for a technical violation among a sample of approximately 3,000 offenders released from Minnesota state prisons in 2009. Rearrest was positively related to neighborhood disadvantage and negatively related to neighborhood affluence, while revocation was positively related to neighborhood urbanism. Further, neighborhood disadvantage moderated the association between LSI-R and rearrest; however, this interaction was not in the hypothesized direction. The results contradict prior literature examining similar relationships at the county level. Details: St. Paul: Minnesota Department of Corrections, 2017. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 24, 2018 at: https://mn.gov/doc/assets/NeighborhoodModeration-Full_tcm1089-341787.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: https://mn.gov/doc/assets/NeighborhoodModeration-Full_tcm1089-341787.pdf Shelf Number: 153075 Keywords: Disadvantaged NeighborhoodsNeighborhoods and CrimeRecidivismUrban Areas |
Author: Escobar, Gipsy Title: Social Disorganization and the Public Level of Crime Control: A Spatial Analysis of Ecological Predictors of Homicide Rates in Bogota, Colombia Summary: Research in the social disorganization tradition has found community disadvantage to be one of the strongest and most consistent macro-level predictors of homicides in urban areas in the United States (Pratt & Cullen 2005). This dissertation empirically tests the applicability of ecological theories of crime to the spatial distribution of homicides in Bogota, Colombia, while proposing alternative measures of social disorganization that are analogous to those used in the American literature but that are more reflective of both social realities and data availability in Colombia. The study used data from several sources including official homicide figures from the National Institute of Forensic Medicine, socio-demographic characteristics from the 2005 census, location of police stations from the Metropolitan Police of Bogota, and presence of criminal groups and illegal markets from interviews with police precinct commanders. The research employed Principal Components Factor Analysis (PCFA) to create ecological constructs, and Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) and Spatial Regression Analysis (SRA) to examine patterns of spatial dependence in the outcome and predictor variables. Results provide partial support for social disorganization theory to the extent that concentrated disadvantage, social isolation, and residential mobility positively predict homicide rates above and beyond the effect of the presence of criminal groups and other controls. Only one proxy measure of the public level of control (presence of police) was significant, but its effect was in the opposite direction to what was hypothesized. However, this effect disappeared in the final model once the temporal lag of homicide rates was introduced. The study makes several contributions to the literature including testing the external and construct validity of social disorganization and systemic model of control measures, proposing a mixed-methods approach to get a more nuanced understanding of the spatial distribution of homicide rates, and suggesting policy implications to reduce the effects of disadvantage as potentially effective strategies in preventing violent crime at the neighborhood level. In sum, the study provides some evidence in favor of the usefulness of social disorganization theories to understand violent crime in Latin American cities. Replications in the region will be needed to assess the generalizability of these findings. Details: New York: City University of New York, 2012. 200p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed November 15, 2018 at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2756&context=gc_etds Year: 2012 Country: Colombia URL: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2756&context=gc_etds Shelf Number: 153486 Keywords: Disadvantaged NeighborhoodsHomicides Social Disorganization Spatial Analysis Violence Violent Crime |